Mangrove forest mapping through remote sensing imagery: study case for Buenaventura, Colombia

[EN] Mangroves are plant communities of high ecological and economic importance for coastal regions. This investigation provides a methodology for mapping Mangrove forests through remote sensing images in a semidetail scale (1:25,000) in a sector of the municipality of Buenaventura, Colombia. A Sentinel 2 image and 2017 highresolution ortophotomosaic of the municipality were used for the mangrove cartography, using QGIS software, spectral analysis was performed and supervised classification was established using Maximum Likelihood algorithm. Results shown that mangrove is the most representative cover in the study area whit 7,264.21 ha in total extension (59.21% of total area), the development classification got a thematic accuracy of 80% and 0.70 in Kappa index. The used methodology can be used as an academic and research reference for mangrove semi-detail mapping in the world.[ES] Los manglares son comunidades vegetales de alta importancia ecología y económica para las regiones costeras. La presente investigación proporciona un método para determinar la cartografía de bosques manglar mediante imágenes de sensores remotos a escala 1:25.000 en un sector del municipio de Buenaventura, Colombia; para la cartografía de bosques de manglar se empleó una imagen satelital Sentinel 2 y una ortofotografía de alta resolución del año 2017; usando el software libre QGIS, se realizó los análisis espectrales, se estableció una clasificación supervisada mediante el algoritmo de máxima verosimilitud. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la cobertura de manglar es la de mayor representatividad en el área de estudio con una extensión total de 7.264,21 ha (59,21% del área total), la clasificación desarrollada presentó una exactitud temática global de 80% e índice de Kappa de 0,70. El método empleado sirve como un referente sobre la cartografía de bosques de manglar en el mundo.Perea-Ardila, MA.; Oviedo-Barrero, F.; Leal-Villamil, J. (2019). Cartografía de bosques de manglar mediante imágenes de sensores remotos: estudio de caso Buenaventura, Colombia. Revista de Teledetección. (53):73-86. https://doi.org/10.4995/raet.2019.11684SWORD73865

Test beam performance of a CBC3-based mini-module for the Phase-2 CMS Outer Tracker before and after neutron irradiation

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will undergo major upgrades to increase the instantaneous luminosity up to 5–7.5×10$^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. This High Luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC) will deliver a total of 3000–4000 fb-1 of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13–14 TeV. To cope with these challenging environmental conditions, the strip tracker of the CMS experiment will be upgraded using modules with two closely-spaced silicon sensors to provide information to include tracking in the Level-1 trigger selection. This paper describes the performance, in a test beam experiment, of the first prototype module based on the final version of the CMS Binary Chip front-end ASIC before and after the module was irradiated with neutrons. Results demonstrate that the prototype module satisfies the requirements, providing efficient tracking information, after being irradiated with a total fluence comparable to the one expected through the lifetime of the experiment

Batimetría derivada por satélite (sdb): una aproximación a la cartografía batimétrica con imágenes multiespectrales en aguas poco profundas de Bahía Solano, Colombia

Ocean depth measurement plays a fundamental role to plan and manage marine resources and safe boat navigation. Satellite-Derived Bathymetry (SDB) is presented as a complementary technique to determine coastal water depth through remote sensing tools and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The goal of this study was to determine the applicability of the SDB method in shallow waters in the Punta Luna sector in Bahía Solano, northern Colombian Pacific coast, using Landsat 8 satellite images from January 2017 and in situ bathymetric survey data from November 2016. The main result obtained in this study was a depth estimate of up to ± 7 m with R2 = 0.80, as well as an RMSE and an MAE equivalent to 1.49 and 2.22 m, respectively. Depth estimates obtained using SDB meet 51.17% of the Total Vertical Uncertainty (TVU) for the Special Order category, regarding the Standards for Hydrographic Surveys from the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). Results obtained will serve as a reference to calculate depth using multispectral images and a benchmark for hydrographic officials and academics interested in coastal and marine research in the region.A medição das profundidades do oceano tem um papel fundamental no planejamento e na gestão de recursos marinhos e na navegação segura de embarcações. A Batimetria Derivada por Satélite (SDB) apresenta-se como uma técnica complementar para determinar as profundidades nas águas costeiras por meio de técnicas de Teledetecção e Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG). Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a aplicabilidade da SDB em águas rasas no setor de “Punta Luna” na Baía Solano, ao norte do litoral Pacífico colombiano que utiliza imagens do satélite Landsat 8 de janeiro de 2017 e dados batimétricos in situ de novembro de 2016. O principal resultado adquirido neste estudo foi a estimativa de profundidades de até ± 7 m com um R2 = 0.80, foi obtido um erro RMSE e MAE de 1.49 e 2.22 m respectivamente; as profundidades estimadas pela SDB cumprem em 51.17% a medida de Incerteza Vertical Total (IVT) na categoria da Ordem Especial, referente ao padrão de pesquisa hidrográfica da Organização Hidrográfica Internacional (OHI). Os resultados adquiridos servirão como caso prático para obter profundidades mediante imagens multiespectrais e denotam um referencial para os serviços hidrográficos e acadêmicos interessados em temas de pesquisa marinha e costeira da região.La medición de las profundidades del océano juega un rol fundamental en la planificación y la gestión de recursos marinos y la navegación segura de embarcaciones. La Batimetría Derivada por Satélite (SDB) se presenta como una técnica complementaria para determinar las profundidades en aguas costeras a través de técnicas de Teledetección y Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la aplicabilidad de la SDB en aguas poco profundas en el sector de “Punta Luna” en bahía Solano, al norte del litoral Pacífico colombiano que utiliza imágenes del satélite Landsat 8 de enero del 2017 y datos batimétricos in situ de noviembre del 2016. El principal resultado obtenido en este estudio fue la estimación de profundidades de hasta ± 7 m con un R2 = 0.80, se obtuvo un error RMSE y MAE de 1.49 y 2.22 m respectivamente; las profundidades estimadas por la SDB cumplen en un 51.17% la medida de Incertidumbre Vertical Total (TVU) para la categoría del Orden Especial, referente al estándar de levantamientos hidrográficos de la Organización Hidrográfica Internacional (IOH). Los resultados obtenidos servirán como caso práctico para obtener profundidades mediante imágenes multiespectrales y denotan un referente para los servicios hidrográficos y académicos interesados en temas de investigación marina y costera de la región

Test beam performance of a CBC3-based mini-module for the Phase-2 CMS Outer Tracker before and after neutron irradiation

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will undergo major upgrades to increase the instantaneous luminosity up to 5-7.5$\times10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. This High Luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC) will deliver a total of 3000-4000 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13-14 TeV. To cope with these challenging environmental conditions, the strip tracker of the CMS experiment will be upgraded using modules with two closely-spaced silicon sensors to provide information to include tracking in the Level-1 trigger selection. This paper describes the performance, in a test beam experiment, of the first prototype module based on the final version of the CMS Binary Chip front-end ASIC before and after the module was irradiated with neutrons. Results demonstrate that the prototype module satisfies the requirements, providing efficient tracking information, after being irradiated with a total fluence comparable to the one expected through the lifetime of the experiment

Evaluation of planar silicon pixel sensors with the RD53A readout chip for the Phase-2 Upgrade of the CMS Inner Tracker

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will undergo an upgrade in order to increase its luminosity to $7.5 \times 10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. The increased luminosity during this High-Luminosity running phase\\ (HL-LHC), starting around 2029, means a higher rate of proton-proton interactions, hence a larger ionizing dose and particle fluence for the detectors. The current tracking system of the CMS experiment will be fully replaced in order to cope with the new operating conditions. Prototype planar pixel sensors for the CMS Inner Tracker with square $50 \mu$m $\times \; 50 \mu$m and rectangular $100 \mu$m $\times \; 25 \mu$m pixels read out by the RD53A chip were characterized in the lab and at the DESY-II testbeam facility in order to identify designs that meet the requirements of CMS at the HL-LHC. A spatial resolution of approximately 3.4$\mu$m (2$\mu$m) is obtained using the modules with $50 \mu$m $\times \; 50 \mu$m ($100 \mu$m $\times \; 25 \mu$m) pixels at the optimal angle of incidence before irradiation. After irradiation to a 1 MeV neutron equivalent fluence of $\Phi_{\rm eq} = 5.3 \times 10^{15}$ cm$^{-2}$, a resolution of 9.4$\mu$m is achieved at a bias voltage of 800 V using a module with $50 \mu$m $\times \; 50 \mu$m pixel size. All modules retain a hit efficiency in excess of 99\% after irradiation to fluences up to $2.1 \times 10^{16}$ cm$^{-2}$. Further studies of the electrical properties of the modules, especially crosstalk, are also presented in this paper.The Large Hadron Collider at CERN will undergo an upgrade inorder to increase its luminosity to7.5 × 10$^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. The increased luminosityduring this High-Luminosity running phase, starting around 2029,means a higher rate of proton-proton interactions, hence a largerionizing dose and particle fluence for the detectors. The currenttracking system of the CMS experiment will be fully replaced inorder to cope with the new operating conditions. Prototype planarpixel sensors for the CMS Inner Tracker with square50 μm × 50 μm and rectangular100 μm × 25 μm pixels read out by theRD53A chip were characterized in the lab and at the DESY-II testbeamfacility in order to identify designs that meet the requirements ofCMS during the High-Luminosity running phase. A spatial resolutionof approximately 3.4 μm (2 μm) is obtained using themodules with 50 μm × 50 μm(100 μm × 25 μm) pixels at the optimalangle of incidence before irradiation. After irradiation to a 1 MeVneutron equivalent fluence ofΦ$_{eq}$ = 5.3 × 10$^{15}$ cm$^{-2}$, a resolution of9.4 μm is achieved at a bias voltage of 800 V using a modulewith 50 μm × 50 μm pixel size. All modulesretain a hit efficiency in excess of 99% after irradiation tofluences up to 2.1 × 10$^{16}$ cm$^{-2}$. Further studies ofthe electrical properties of the modules, especially crosstalk, arealso presented in this paper.The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will undergo an upgrade in order to increase its luminosity to $7.5 \times 10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. The increased luminosity during this High-Luminosity running phase (HL-LHC), starting around 2029, means a higher rate of proton-proton interactions, hence a larger ionizing dose and particle fluence for the detectors. The current tracking system of the CMS experiment will be fully replaced in order to cope with the new operating conditions. Prototype planar pixel sensors for the CMS Inner Tracker with square $50 \mu$m $\times \; 50 \mu$m and rectangular $100 \mu$m $\times \; 25 \mu$m pixels read out by the RD53A chip were characterized in the lab and at the DESY-II testbeam facility in order to identify designs that meet the requirements of CMS at the HL-LHC. A spatial resolution of approximately 3.4$\mu$m (2$\mu$m) is obtained using the modules with $50 \mu$m $\times \; 50 \mu$m ($100 \mu$m $\times \; 25 \mu$m) pixels at the optimal angle of incidence before irradiation. After irradiation to a 1 MeV neutron equivalent fluence of $\Phi_{\rm eq} = 5.3 \times 10^{15}$ cm$^{-2}$, a resolution of 9.4$\mu$m is achieved at a bias voltage of 800 V using a module with $50 \mu$m $\times \; 50 \mu$m pixel size. All modules retain a hit efficiency in excess of 99% after irradiation to fluences up to $2.1 \times 10^{16}$ cm$^{-2}$. Further studies of the electrical properties of the modules, especially crosstalk, are also presented in this paper